SAP Bhs Inggris

Rangkuman SAP Bahasa Inggris

1. Penggunaan

Some

Digunakan pada kata benda yang bisa dihitung dan tidak bisa dihitung. Tetapi untuk kalimat Positif/Affirmative/Pernyataan, Penawaran, permintaan, dan pertanyaan jika kamu berharap pertanyaannya dijawab “Yes/ya”.

Contoh: My sister brought some books yesterday

             The seller pour some sugar into the porridge

Any

Digunakan untuk kalimat negatif atau pertanyaan.

Contoh: I don’t want any more cake

 Do you want any sugar in your tea?

Much

Much digunakan untuk benda-benda yang tak dapat dihitung, dan untuk menghitungnya diperlukan suatu takaran/timbangan dan ukuran tertentu. Patokan suatu benda tidak dapat dihitung adalah jika untuk menghitungnya harus menggunakan alat bantu. seperti liter, rupiah, kilogram dsb.

Contoh: There is much water in this well

 He  have coffe very much in his cabinet

Many

Many digunakan untuk benda-benda yang bisa dihitung (countable noun)

Contoh: There are many people in the cinema

 She have many books in her home

A lot of

A lot of bisa digunakan baik untuk benda yang bisa dihitung maupun yang tidak bisa dihitung. Artinya bisa digunakan untuk mengganti posisi Many.Yang membedakan dengan Many dan Much adalah bahwa kebiasaan penggunaannya. A lot of hanya biasa digunakan dalam kalimat positif.

Contoh:  I have a lot of  books to read

                You have a lot of flour to make a cake

A few

A few berarti several atau beberapa. A few menyatakan hal yang positif. A few dipakai di depan kata benda bentuk jamak yang dapat dihitung.

A few books = beberapa buku

A few friends = beberapa teman

Contoh  :  She has a few friends in the city

      I was glad to have a few books.

2. Penggunaan Articles dalam kalimat

Article a, an, the

A, an , the (articles) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk membatasi pengertian dari  noun. Article atau kata sandang, terbagi atas dua macam yaitu :

1. Definite

            The merupakan kata sandang yang digunakan pada definite article, digunakan pada hal yang spesifik, digunakan sebelim countable noun  (kata benda dapat dihitung) maupun uncountable noun (kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung)

Contoh :  There’s a girl in front of the bookstore. The girl wore boots.

                 The place that I just visited is cozy

 2. Indefinite

            A atau an digunakan pada indefinite articles, kata sandang ini digunakan pada hal yang tidak spesifik atau belum pernah diterangkan sebelumnya.

Contoh :  a man, abook, an umbrella

                 He  goes to the swimming pool twice a week

3. Kalimat aktif dan pasif bentuk Present

Active  and  Passive Voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat.

Contoh : Active : He takes a raincoat

               Passive: A raincoat taken by him

Pola active dan passive voice pada Present :

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

Contoh:

       Active    : The police captures the theives

       Passive  : The theives are captured by the police

       Active    : Dangerous driving causes many accident

       Passive  : Many accident are caused by dangerous driving

b. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’

Contoh:

            Active    : She has cooked a birthday cake

            Passive  : A birthday cake has been cooked by her

            Active    : The contractor has build many buildings

            Passive  : Many buildings have been built by the contractor

c. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.

Contoh:

         Active    : The child is drawing the colour  papers

         Passive  : The colour papers are being drawn by the child

         Active    : My mother watering the flowers

         Passive  : The flowers are being watered by my mother

4. Pola active dan passive voice pada Past :

a. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were

Contoh:

         Active    : The police captured the theives

         Passive  : The theives was captured by the police

         Active    : She watered this plant this morning

         Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning

b. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

Contoh:

         Active   : The teacher had taught English for many years

        Passive  : English had been taught for many years by the theacer 

        Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

        Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

c. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (wasatau were) + being.

Contoh:

        Active    : My brother was driving the car

        Passive  : The car was being driven by my brother

        Active    : She was watering this plant.

        Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.

5. Indifinite Pronoun

Indefinite pronoun adalah kata ganti untuk orang, benda, atau hal secara umum atau tidak spesifik. Pronoun ini ada yang berbentuk singular, plural, ataupun salah satu dari keduanya. Contoh kalimatnya :

Some

Someone used this computer yesterday but I don’t know who it was

Someone called to tell me the horrible news

Any

 I went there but I didn’t see anyone

Do you need anything from me?

No

I have nothing to eat

Nobody can find me here

Reflexive pronoun

Bentuk refleksif kata ganti orang digunakan untuk dua maksud :

a) Untuk menunjukkan bahwa orang atau binatang melakukan sesuatu pada dirinya sendiri,

contoh:

He ask himself why He didn’t go yesterday.

b) Untuk membuat kata ganti itu lebih tegas

I myself give him the book.

6. Have Something Done

Rumus : Have + Object + Past Participle

 Contoh : “I call taxi from my home”

    “I have a taxi called by me from my home”

FUTURE

“Have something done”. Dalam kalimat future sebelum kata have / get harus ditambahkan dengan kata “going to” yang berarti saya membuat rencana di waktu yang akan datang. Contohnya :

Past        : i had my watch fixed.

Future    : I am going to have / get my watch fixed.

Lalu  contoh kalimat dengan menggunakan “will” yang berarti hal tersebut baru di sepakatkan lalu dikerjakan. Contohnya :

I just noticed how  my suit is. I will have / get it cleaned soon.

QUESTIONS

“Have something done” dalam bentuk questions.

contoh kalimat sebagai berikut :

“Where did you have / get your hair cut?”

(Artinya Saya bertanya dengan tokoh Kamu dimana Kamu memotong rambutnya, ini mengartikan saya ingin meminta pelayanan untuk memotong rambutnya).

 Contoh kalimat yang kedua misalnya :

“Where can I have / get my hair cut?”

( maksudnya tokoh  Saya bertanya dengan tokoh Kamu dimana ia bisa memotong rambut, ini mengandung arti Saya meminta pelayanan kepada orang lain untuk memotong rambutnya ).

 

#Causative Have

Active Sentence :

Have

Rumus: Subject + Have/Had + Infinitive/V1.

Contoh:

I had my sister take that ball

My sister have come to her grandmother house right now.

Let.

Rumus: Let + Objek + Infinitive/V1.

Contoh :          My father lets me choose my own car

Get.

Rumus: Subject + Get + O + to Infinitive/V1.

Contoh :          I get you to like this explanation.

Make

Rumus :           S + make / made + Infinitive

Contoh :          The manager makes her staff work hard

Passive Sentence.

Rumus:            S + Have/had + O + V3.

Have.

I had my motorcycle cleaned yesterday

Make.

I make this house cleaned

I made a spoons cake yesterday

Get.

Do you get your clothes washed?

Cindy got her badroom cleaned

7. Determiner

Contoh :

He has a few ties

Ria has a little money in her pocket.

Each of his cats enjoys eating crackers.

All the students look bored.

Every books are on the table.

8. Questions Tag

Question tag adalah pertanyaan pendek yang ditambahkan di akhir pernyataan (declarative sentence) untuk menanyakan informasi atau meminta persetujuan.

Rumus Question tag :

linking verb “be”/auxiliary verb +/- not + pronoun

Keterangan:

linking verb “be” yaitu: is, am, are, was, were, sedangkan auxiliary verb berupa primary auxiliary verb (be, do, have) atau modal auxiliary verb (will, would, may, may, might, can, could, shall, should) yang cocok dengan verb pada bagian pernyataan.

Pronoun disesuaikan dengan subject pada bagian pernyataan.

Contoh Question Tag:

You love math, don’t you? (Kamu suka matematika kan?).

You don’t love math, do you? (Kamu tidak suka matematika kan?).

Penggunaan So dan Such

So ditempatkan setelah adjective (kata sifat), adverb (kata keterangan), atau noun phrase yang diawali dengan determiner many, much, few, dan little.

so + adjective/adverb/many,much,few,little …

Contoh Kalimat so:

She swims so beautifully. (adverb)

They are so creative and active. (adjective)

I want to share so many stories. (noun phrase)

Such diikuti oleh singular noun dengan article a atau plural noun.

such + singular noun (a …)/plural noun

Contoh Kalimat such:

They discussed such a hot issue. (singular noun)

The man carried such heavy suitcases. (plural noun)

9. Third Conditional

Conditional sentence type 3 atau third conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan terwujud karena condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.

Berikut rumus conditional sentence type 3.

·         if + condition, result/consequence

·         if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

atau

·         result/consequence + if + condition

·         would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect

Contoh : (+) If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you

 Facta :  You didn’t tell me about the problem, so I didn’t help you

  (-) : If she had been home yesterday I would have visited her

 Facta : but Linda wasn’t at hom e yesterday

  (?) : If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him?

 Facta : but he didn’t ask you for forgiveness .

11. Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect dalam Present :

Direct Simple Present : “I never eat meat”  , he explained.

Indirect Simple Past    : He explained that he never ate meat.

ü  Direct Present Continous        : “I’m waiting for Ann” , he said.

      Indirect Present Continous     : He said (that) he was waiting for ann.

ü  Direct Present Perfect             : “I have found a flat” , he said.

 Indirect Present Perfect         : He said (that) he had found a flat.

ü  Direct Present Perfect Continous       : He said “I’ve been waiting for ages.

 Indirect Present Perfect Continous    : He said he had been waiting for ages.

12. Direct and Indirect dalam Past

ü  Direct Simple Past      : He said to me, “I never saw before”.

 Indirect Past Perfect  : He said to me that he had never seen before.

ü  Direct Past Perfect      : “I had already finished my work” , She said to me.

 Inirect Past Perfect     : She said to me that she had already finished her work.

13. Direct and Indirect  dalam Future :

ü  Direct Future               : He said , “I will be in Paris on Monday”.

 Indirect Past Future   : He said that he would be in Paris on Monday.

ü  Direct Future Continous         : She said, “I will be using the car my self”.

 Indirect Past Future Continous          : Sha said that she would be using the car herself.

14. Direct and Indirect bentuk Pertanyaan

Direct dalam Simple Present   : John asked Jane, “Do you invite me?”

Indirect dalam Simple Past     : John ask Jane if she invited him.

Direct dalam Simple Past        : “Did you see the accident last night?” I asked him.

Indirect dalam Past Perfect    : I asked him if I had seen the accident the previous night.

Direct dalam Present Perfect  : “Have you finished your work?” Mike ask to Kimberly.

Indirect dalam Past Perfect    : Mike ask Kimberly if she had finished her work.

Direct dalam Present Continous                     : “Are you listening to me?” the teacher asked to me.

Indirect dalam Past Continous                       : The teacher asked me if I was listening to him.

Direct dalam Simple Future                            : I asked Kim, “Will you be here at ten?”

Indirect dalam Past Future                             : I asked Kim if she would be there at ten.

Direct dalam Future Continous                      : “Will she be wearing the raincoat tomorrow?”

                                                                       I asked Jim.

Indirect dalam Past Future Continous           : I asked Jim If she would be wearing the raincoat   the  following day.