Tenses

TENSES

1.      Simple Present Tense
The simple present tense use when an action is happening right now.
Formula :         (+) Subject + Verb + Object
                              I work in London
                        (-) Do/does + Not + verb
                              I don’t work in London
                        (?) Do/does + S + Verb.
                              Do I work in London

2.      Present Continuous Tense
The present continuous tense is often called the present progressive tense is the tense that describes the work that is happening today.
Formula :         (+) Subject + To Be (is, am, are) + Verb-ing + Object
   Example :           She is writing a letter now
                        (-) Subject + To Be (is, am, are) + Not + Verb-ing + Object
                              She is not writing a letter 
                        (?) To Be (is, am, are) + Subject + Verb-ing + Object
                              Is she writing a letter now?

3.      Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect is used to express actions that happened at an indefinite time or that began in the past and continue in the present.
Formula :          (+) Subject + Have/Has + Verb-3
                              I have told you 3 times
                        (-) Subject + Have/Has + Not + Verb-3
                              I have not ever gone to Jogjakarta even once
                        (?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb-3
                              Have you already taken a bath?

4.      Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect continuous talks about an action that started in the past and continuous in the present.
Formula :         (+) Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb 1-ing
                              She has been working at that company fo three years
                       (-) Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Verb 1-ing
                              She has not been working at that company for three years
                       (?) Have/Has + Subject +  Been + Verb 1-ing
                              Has she been working at that company for three years?

5.      Simple Past Tense
The simple past to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
Formula :         (+) Subject + Verb-2
                              I ate the cake yesterday
                        (-) Subject + Did Not + Verb-1
                              I didn’t eat the cake yesterday
                        (?) Did + Subject + Verb-1
                              Did I eat the cake yesterday?

6.      Past Continuous Tense
This tense is used to describe a job or activity that is going on in the past.
Formula :          (+) Subject + To Be (was/were) + Verb-ing + Object
                              I was playing badminton yesterday
                        (-) Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb-ing + Object
                              I was not playing badminton yesterday
                        (?) Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing + Object?
                              Was I playing badminton yesterday?

7.      Past Perfect Tense
We use the Past Perfect tense to emphasize that an action in the past finished before another action in the past started.
Formula :         (+) Subject + Had + Verb-3
                             She had eaten the dinner before she went to the cinema
                       (-) Subject + Had Not + Verb-3
                             She had not eaten the dinner before she went to the cinema
                       (?) Had + Subject + Verb-3
     Had she eaten the dinner before she went to the cinema?

8.      Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continous tense is used to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
Formula :         (+) S + Had + Been + Verb 1- ing
                 She had been waiting for you for 3 hours when you took a bath yesterday morning
           (-) S + Had + Not + Been + Verb 1- ing
                 She had not been waiting for you for 3 hours when you took a bath yesterday morning
           (?) Had + S + Been + Verb 1- ing
                 Had she been waiting for you for 3 hours when you took a bath yesterday morning.

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